晕渲图技术在气象模式数据可视化上的应用
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宁波市重点研发计划(2023Z139)、宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2022S181)和浙江省气象科技计划项目(2022ZD26)共同资助


Application of Relief Shading Method in Meteorological Model Data Visualization
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    摘要:

    晕渲法根据山体阴影值的原理,利用光照角度和方向、坡度和坡向的关系来计算光通量的明暗值,利用色调的明暗来展现气象模式数据的立体感。晕渲图的着色方法是将每个格点上的明暗值作为HSV色彩模式中的明度,结合饱和度和色度获得HSV色彩值,再通过HSV色彩模式和RGB色彩模型之间的转换,使用RGB色彩模型进行着色,实现气象模式数据彩色晕渲图的绘制。本文在气象模式数据的可视化工作中,利用晕渲图技术,实现对物理概念上与地形类似的气压、位势高度等数据的三维绘制。相比于传统的等值线填色方法,晕渲图技术能够直观表现大气形势场的立体分布,以凹凸效果表现高低值天气系统,通过坡面的陡度体现天气系统的梯度变化;能够展现数据的像素级细节,识别梯度较小的涡流扰动,显示等效地形影响,帮助气象工作者更好地解释数据,为气象模式中数据处理的改进提供参考。

    Abstract:

    By introducing the relief shading method, which is often used in making the topographic maps, into the visualisation of numerical weather forecast data, this article presents the achievement in three-dimensional drawing of meteorological variables, such as air pressure and geopotential height. Based on the principle and implementation of hill shading, which uses the relationship between the illumination angle, the direction, the slope, and the orientation of the terrain to calculate the brightness value of luminous flux, the relief shading method makes use of the brightness value to display the three-dimensional sense of meteorological model data. At the same height, the steeper the terrain, the darker (brighter) the shaded (sunny) side; under the same slope, the higher the terrain, the darker (brighter) the shaded (sunny) side, which is consistent with the real-life visual effect. The colouring method of the shaded relief map is to use the brightness value (V) in the HSV colour space which is calculated on each grid point, combined with hue (H) and saturation (S) to obtain a complete HSV colour scheme. Through the conversion from the HSV colour space to the RGB colour space, the latter colour space is used for drawing a coloured shaded relief map for meteorological model data. In the shaded relief map, the high-pressure centre in the weather system is often shown as a raised peak, and the low pressure is shown as a depressed valley; a large pressure gradient can be seen as a steep slope, while a small pressure gradient can be seen as a gentle slope. Compared with the traditional isoline and colour filling analysis, it is found that the shaded relief map can help to identify high-low weather systems by concave-convex shapes and reflects the gradient changes of weather systems through the steepness of slope, thus intuitively representing the three-dimensional distribution of atmospheric circulation. In addition, the shaded relief map has the ability to visualise model data in pixel level details, identify early eddy current disturbances in small gradients, and reveal equivalent terrain effects, which helps the meteorologists better interpret the model data and provides the references for the improvements of data process functions in numerical models. Furthermore, the relief shading method is suitable for using the synthetic animations to showcase the fluid characteristics of atmospheric motion, which is conducive to popularising the concept of various weather systems, such as the high, the low, the trough and ridge, and their evolution to the public.

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沃伟峰,王岩,赵昶昱,徐蓉,徐迪峰.晕渲图技术在气象模式数据可视化上的应用[J].气象科技,2024,52(3):318~329

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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-17
  • 定稿日期:2024-02-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-06-25
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