泰安市降水特征与水资源分析

Analysis of Precipitation Characteristics and Water Resources in Central Shandong Province

摘要:

分析泰安市1951～2002年降水资料，利用Excel图表分析得出泰安降水分布特征和未来趋势。降水年际变化大，年降水量最大值是最小值的5倍；季节分配极不均匀，分布总体呈下降趋势，特别是1997年以来降水量持续少于平均水平，下降趋势明显。利用1951～2002年月降水量和月气温资料，依据高桥浩一郎的陆面实际蒸发经验公式，计算出陆面蒸发、蒸发系数和可利用降水系数，得出泰安水资源的变化特征与降水变化特征基本相似，春季是泰安最易出现干旱的季节。分析1984～2002年泰安地下水埋深资料，得出地下水位的变化基本随每年降水量的多少而升降，总体呈明显下降趋势，地下水资源相应减少，特别是自1995年以来地下水位逐年下降。提出缓解和解决水资源缺乏的两个有效方法，人工影响天气增加降水量和开源节流节约用水。

Abstract:

According to precipitation data from 1951 to 2002, the precipitation distribution characteristics and variation tendency were analyzed. There was great variation in year-to-year precipitation with the maximum being five times greater than the minimum. The seasonal distributions were quite uneven with a general downward trend; especially since 1997 precipitation has been smaller than the normal. By means of monthly precipitation and temperature data from 1951 to 2002 and an empirical formula of land surface evaporation, the land-surface evaporating, evaporating coefficient and available precipitation coefficient were calculated; it is concluded that water resources and precipitation have similar variation characteristics and there occurred frequently droughts in spring in Taian. Through analyzing the underground water level data from 1984 to 2002, the following conclusions are arrived: the underground water level changes basically with precipitation; there is a general downward tendency and underground water resources decrease correspondingly; especially the underground water level declines year by year since 1995. Two solutions to mitigate the shortage of water resources are proposed: increasing precipitation through artificial rain enhancement and economizing water resources use.