暴雨灾害文物保护风险评估研究

Research on Risk Assessment of Rainstorm Disasters in Cultural Relics

摘要:

本文在自然灾害综合风险普查数据的基础上，细化并构建文物保护单位面对暴雨灾害的脆弱性指标，综合考虑暴雨灾害危险性、孕灾环境敏感性和文物脆弱性三个要素，建立了文物保护单位暴雨灾害风险评估指标体系。暴雨灾害危险性、孕灾环境敏感性指标选取普查获得的暴雨危险性等级，其包含暴雨危险性以及孕灾环境敏感性；文物保护单位脆弱性包括重要性、暴露性和易损性三个方面，分别是保护级别、附属文物、面积/规模、台基/地宫、文物类型、材料类型、变形损伤和历史灾害等8个指标。依据指标体系对山西省晋城市全国重点文物保护单位暴雨灾害风险进行了评估与验证。研究成果可为文物保护单位的暴雨灾害风险评估与保护提供一定的参考，同时提升了自然灾害综合风险普查成果的应用范围。

Abstract:

On the basis of the natural disaster comprehensive risk census data, this paper refines and constructs the vulnerability index of cultural relics protection units facing rainstorm disasters and establishes the indicator system for rainstorm disaster risk assessment of cultural relics protection units by comprehensively considering the three elements of rainstorm disaster risk, disaster-conceiving environment sensitivity, and cultural relics vulnerability. The rainstorm disaster risk and environmental sensitivity indicators are selected from the rainstorm risk level obtained from the census, which includes the rainstorm risk and environmental sensitivity of the disaster-conceiving environment, in which the rainstorm disaster-causing factors include the rainstorm process precipitation, the maximum daily precipitation, the maximum hourly precipitation, and the duration of precipitation from 1978 to 2020. The environmental impact factors of the disaster-conceiving environment include the standard deviation of the elevation, elevation, and the density of the river network, etc. The vulnerability of the cultural relics protection units includes the importance, exposure, sensitivity, and susceptibility of cultural relics. The vulnerability of cultural relics protection units includes three aspects of importance, exposure, and susceptibility, which includes eight indicators: protection level, affiliated cultural relics, area/scale, pedestal/(underground palace), cultural relics type, material type, deformation damage, and historical disaster. The reference weights of the indicators at all levels are given after the experts’ argumentation on cultural relics, meteorology, and emergency response. Based on the indicator system, the storm disaster risk of national key cultural relics protection units in Jincheng, Shanxi Province, is assessed and verified, and in the assessment, the weight of storm danger accounts for 75%. The eight cultural relics protection units with high storm disaster risk levels are all located in areas with high storm danger, among which the Xiangyu Ancient Fortress, the ancient architectural complex of Guobi Village, and the city of Miakovi are all located along the Qin River. The Shuitong Cui Fujun Temple, the Yuhuang Temple, and the Qinglian Temple are located along the Dan River, while the Tashui River ruins and Zezhou Dai Temple are located on the banks of the Tashui River and the Yedi River, respectively. The cultural relics protection units with a higher risk level are located in areas with a higher risk of rainstorms and at the same time have relatively high vulnerability. The research results provide a certain reference for the storm disaster risk assessment and protection of cultural relics protection units and at the same time enhance the application scope of the results of the comprehensive natural disaster risk census.