1963—2022年中国舒适天数的时空变化

Spatio-Temporal Variation of Comfortable Days over China during 1963-2022

摘要:

基于1963—2022年中国1866个气象站日平均气温、相对湿度和风速，计算了人体舒适度指数，分析了中国舒适天数的空间分布和时间变化特征。结果表明：1963—2022年，中国平均年舒适天数为100 d，5月、6月舒适天数最多，分别为16.7 d和16.4 d；空间分布上，东南部地区年舒适天数较多，在80 d以上，青藏高原年舒适天数最少，不足50 d。年舒适天数增加幅度为1.5 d/10a，春、秋季舒适天数增加最为明显，舒适天数最多的夏季呈轻微减少趋势，后30年（1993—2022年）较前30年（1963—1992年）增加5.8 d；全国大部地区年舒适天数呈增加趋势，华北地区中南部、华东地区北部和华南地区南部呈减少趋势。地区尺度上，年舒适天数最多的是西南地区，达133.2 d，集中在春、夏、秋三季，华南地区第二多，为115.4 d，主要出现在春、秋、冬季，西藏地区年舒适天数最少，为6.6 d，仅出现在夏季，东北、新疆、内蒙古地区夏季舒适天数超过60 d，明显高于其他地区。从整体看，各地区年均舒适天数都有所增加，内蒙古、新疆、西北等地区增加幅度较大，华南、华中、华东、华北和西南地区增加幅度较小，且夏季舒适天数不同程度减少。总体来说气候变暖有利于提高中国人体舒适感。

Abstract:

Human climatic comfort has a significant impact on architectural design, human health, outdoor activities, and so on. Based on the daily average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed of 1866 meteorological stations throughout China during 1963-2022, the human climatic comfort index is calculated, and the spatial distribution and temporal variation characteristics of comfortable days over China are analysed. The results show that the human climatic comfort level in China is dominated by cold to comfortable levels. The annual comfortable days are 100 days in China during 1963-2022, and the number of comfortable days is the highest in May and June, with 16.7 and 16.4 days, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the southeastern region has more annual comfortable days, exceeding 80 days, while the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has the fewest annual comfortable days, less than 50 days. Under the background of climate change, the increase rate of the annual comfortable days is 1.5 d/10a. It increases most obviously in spring and autumn, while it shows a slight decreasing trend in summer, which has the most comfortable days. The annual comfortable days increase by about 5.8 days in the last 30 years (1993-2022) compared with the first 30 years (1963-1992). The annual comfortable days are on the rise in most parts of China, while they decrease in the central and southern parts of North China, the northern part of East China, and the southern part of South China. On the regional scale, Southwest China has the most annual comfortable days, reaching 133.2 days, mainly concentrated in spring, summer, and autumn. South China follows with 115.4 days, mainly occurring in spring, autumn, and winter. The annual comfortable days in North China, East China, Central China, and Xinjiang Regions are close to 100 days. Northeast China has 83.7 days. Northwest China and Inner Mongolia Region are around 74 days. The Tibet Region has the fewest annual comfortable days, with 6.6 days, only occurring in summer. Northeast China, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia regions have more than 60 comfortable days in summer, significantly higher than other regions. On the whole, the average annual comfortable days in all regions increase. Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Northwest China have relatively large increases, while South China, Central China, East China, North China, and Southwest China see smaller increases. Moreover, the number of comfortable days in summer in these regions decreases to varying degrees. In general, climate warming is conducive to improving climatic comfort in China.